This story, attributed to the great American physician Benjamin Rush and repeated in a medical journal in 1839, is almost certainly apocryphal – but it has a good punchline.
We are apt to believe a merry companion the happiest fellow in the world, and envy him, perhaps, his light heart and airy spirits; but such men have hours of melancholy, when the spirits sink, and a gloom comes over them, deeper and darker than is ever known to their less excitable companions. A man may be cheerful on paper, though he has a heavy heart, and brilliant in company, though insufferably wretched when left to commune with his own soul.
This is a good description of bipolar disorder, in which an individual’s mood alternates between periods of elation and depression.
The extremes of low and high spirits, which occur in the same person at different times, are happily illustrated by the following case, related by Dr. Rush: “A physician, in one of the cities of Italy, was once consulted by a gentleman who was much distressed by a paroxysm of this intermitting state of hypochondriacism. He advised the melancholy man to seek relief in convivial company, and recommended him in particular to find out a celebrated wit by the name of Cardini, who kept all the tables of the city, to which he was invited, in a roar of laughter, and to spend as much time with him as possible. ‘Alas! Sir,’ said the patient, with a heavy sigh, ‘I am that Cardini.’”
[Source: The Medico-chirurgical Review and Journal of Medical Science, 1833]
I’ve seen that very same story told about the early 19th century clown Joseph Grimaldi. I suppose it was a popular “urban legend” of the day.
You’re absolutely right!
http://www.convilleandwalsh.com/index.php/titles/title/the-pantomime-life-of-joseph-grimaldi/
The Cardini story appears in Benjamin Rush’s Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind (1812). He tells it as a well-worn anecdote; since Grimaldi would have been in his early 30s at the time, it seems unlikely that he was the original subject of the anecdote. I guess you’re right and it was an urban legend that was attached to various different people over the years.
Incidentally I have an article about Benjamin Rush appearing in The Lancet imminently – more on that anon.